They're still Scleromystax barbatus as far as I know, too.
What adults look like:
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The main way to tell between males and females is the 'stripe' down the male's head. Spawning is the same as corydoras, though the pair I had didn't produce a lot of eggs at any one time. The female had just matured, though.
First spawn, the female took a few tries before getting the hang of it:
I also noticed the male periodically shimmying against the glass, much like a female does when placing eggs; he does it in this clip as well. He did it even before I got the female, it made me wonder if they do some kind of territorial scent-marking or something.
I can confirm that males are territorial and will try to drive off another male. I'd put the level of aggression about the same as male swordtails; don't really do any harm, but the dominant male will stress out a single male if there's only two of them. So probably also like swordtails, I'd guess that if you had 3 or more males the aggression doesn't get so focused on a single individual.
My male was social with the other cory species in the tank, he'd follow the loxozonus corys around. The barbatus I have out in the pool are also all fairly solitary with each other, and a little more social with unrelated cory species.