The Fluval tank is listed at 80 cm (32.5" long). T8 tubes put out light based on the length of the tube. A single T8 bulb is not going to put out anywhere near enough light for good plant growth.
Sometimes you can get LED bulbs packaged in a T8 tube that will be more efficient. That might help somewhat as long as you can get 6500K daylight bulbs. However, you really need a lot more lighting. For that you will need a new light.
I have a cat who likes observing my 55 gallon aquarium. Sometimes she has even put her paws on the rim of the tank so she can peer down at the fish. However, she has never tried reaching into the tank. You can always cut a piece of clear plexiglass to cover the tank and then mount a LED light a few inches above that. I built a frame from polystyrene trim from the lumber yard that raises the light about 8" above the rim. The frame also makes it harder for the cat to access the tank. Both polystyrene and PVC are safer than trying to build the frame from wood, although if you paint the wood with a non-toxic paint, that can work for a few years.