Hi smiley. Hmmm, others will likely have their own estimations, but I would say that an established tank is one that has completely cycled over a period of time, usually 2-6 weeks, and has remained steady for a at least a few months afterward. However, the length of time to cycle can vary greatly if a tank is max stocked or overstocked because the bacteria will not have much opportunity to colonize and consume the
nitrate before it is killed off, thus it takes longer to cycle. If after a few months of 0 for
ammonia & nitrate, and the addition of light bioload fish doesn't cause an outrageous spike, then I'd consider it a well-established tank.
My opinion is if you add too many fish at once, then you'll start a mini-cycle (this is bad), which may be disaster for any fish that is sensitive to these types of fluctuations.
Also, people have different understandings of "relatively small." Can you be more specific?