Great question, heres some reasons.
Not everything in your tank can be measured. The Nitrates and other pollutants are monitered using test kits and the like but there are other things that build up in the water that you probably arent accounting for. Metal ions in the water slowly build up and are hard to measure without the proper test equipment. Also a whole array of other pollutants that are not a normal concern can become an issue after a while.
There are more than just
nitrogen cycle bacteria in your tank that are consuming nutrients and producing byproducts. Many different types of chemcials from acids to bleach like components are produced by these bacteria. It's always good to change the water at least every once in a while, even if your normal pollutants are under control.