Did the black just appear? or has it been there from the start? All goldfish are born black and the black fades as they mature. If it has been there since you had him, then it may be a bit of left over from the baby coloring. If it just showed up recently, it might be a reaction to
ammonia. Ammonia burns are red, but as they heal the scales can turn black. The black will eventually fade as the burns heal. Since your tank is going through a mini cycle, it could be damage from the ammonia. Or, if he likes to rub his face on stuff in the tank, he may have irritated his own scales enough to cause damage. Once again, it should fade as it heals.