Should have your own
pH, Ammo,
nitrite test kit at least. Sooner we can eliminate unnecessary guessing, more correct determination of what to do can be made.
It's always better to treat the sick one separately but it seems you already have dose the tank.
Hard to determine what it was w/ just description, but seemed fungal cottony fuzz ball.
Maracyn probably will work. you also mentioned fungal growth on the gravel from uneaten foods which should always be removed ASAP.
Although 50% may or may not disturb the established tank, it is always better practice to do small partial changes(20-25%) more frequentlly. Why take a chance of tank going thru another mini-cycle.
Next time, hopefully not, if same symptoms occur, take the fish out and remove the fuzz ball if possible and apply Bacitracin Ointment on infected area w/ q-tip (don't get poke by the tip of fin rays which can be somewhat painful. may need to apply Bacitracin on your finger too. LOL). Tjis way you don't have to expose healthy fish to unnecessary MEDS.
Definitely get your own test kits.