Are you cycling with fish?
A too through vacuuming can kill off some bacteria, causing a bacteria bloom as new bacteria forms to digest the now excess
ammonia. But it would not be immeadiate. If this happened right after vacuuming, it is probably just dust and stuff that got disturbed during the vacuuming.
But during cycling you will probably get cloudy water on two occasions. Once as the ammonia eating bacteria developes, and then when the
nitrite eating bacteria developes. But the tank will clear up again after a few days.