HI NILZ, WELCOME TO FISHLORE!
The loaches, and all the different tetras you currently have would be happier in a school of their own kind.
If the rainbows don't get along, it would have to be that the tank you have is too small for what you are trying to keep.
The stocking "rule of thumb", is 1" of adult fish per gallon. You count all the fish AS IF they were adult size, so you don't get in an overcrowded condition.
As for testing water. It is highly recommended to test your water each week with the API Master test kit (liquid), before water change time, other wise you won't know how much to change out, or if you have to up your change schedule. Any ammonia or nitrite spikes will be detected, and nitrates won't creep up without your knowing.
I agree balas are NOT suited to your tank. They are also a "schooling" fish and you should have 3 of them, these need a tank at least 72" long when grown, which is about 125 gallon tank, bare minimum.