
Newbie mistakes, no worries, most people made them. As long as you are willing to correct the mistakes you are still a good person.
http://www.fishlore.com/WaterChemistry.htm
http://www.fishlore.com/NitrogenCycle.htm
You do know to use dechlorinator in the water if you are on a municipality water supply? (on well water there is no chlorine in the water, but cities and towns add it to their water to combat bacteria, I think.)
You also overstocked the tank. There are not 3 fish that I can think of that would do okay in a 1 gallon tank, infact there aren't any fish commonly kept in the freshwater fishkeeping hobby that would be okay in a 1 gallon. Bettas are recommended for a 2.5 or larger and even the small fish that one could work, are schooling fish and need 5-6 or more of themselves in a tank, so they wouldn't work.
There may be some snails or shrimp you could try in the tank...
Sorry to have all the bad news, but atleast you know now.
(The fish probably died because it was low quality, if you got the fish from any of the chain stores they are notorious for having poor quality fish that die quickly, sometimes even in pristine conditions.)