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Your tank is approxamately 45 Gallons and the perfect size for your bristlenose (aren't they cool? ) although it is too small for your Clown Loaches and in a few months they will need a larger tank as they grow pretty fast the first year. I 'm just wondering if since Clown Loaches are avid snail eaters if maybe they were trying to eat your clam( I know their not snails but...) and got injured on the shelll and got an infection.
As for hanging out behind the filter, they need lots of caves and hiding places and will find the tightest places to get into.
Also I have never seen a bristle nose be aggressive to their tank mates. Usually the reason a pleco starts sucking on the slime coat of their tank mates is because they need some protein in their diet. Depending on the type how much. Bristlenose need 90% vegetation /10% protein. Hope that helps.
Carol