Small, peaceful fish and/or fish that live on the bottom. Nothing with a tendency to nip fins. If it's smaller than the betta, the betta is unlikely to recognize it as a fish, and therefore won't consider it a threat. This is a two-way street, however. For example, a betta won't recognize a small barb as a threat, even as the barb chews its fins to pieces. So you've also got to watch the other fish for signs of aggression toward the betta.
Anything with long fins is likely to be considered a target by the betta.
Anything with a labyrinth organ (like gourami or another betta) is 99% likely to end in a fight to the death.
A full school of cherry barbs (6 or more) is not terribly likely to nip fins.
Neon tetras are extremely peaceful.
Kuhli loaches are peaceful bottom feeders that are excellent at hiding. Even if the betta takes notice of them, they'll be able to get away.
Corydoras catfish tend to get on well with bettas.
Glassfish
seem to be peaceful. I've never known them to nip fins, even during the period they were in a tank with a butterfly koi, but there is very little reliable knowledge about these fish.
Otocinclus catfish tend to get on well with bettas.
Plecostomus tend to get on well with bettas, when they're in a big enough tank.
A few more notes:
I will say that fully three quarters of attempts to keep bettas in community tanks end in violence. You seem to have made your mind up, and we can't change that. We're not here to
make anyone do anything, but we wouldn't be responsible if we didn't tell people these things. Many, many fishloreans have attempted this, and only a few have gotten it to work. Most end up pulling the betta out. This is as much a matter of the betta's personality, as well as the personalities of the other fish in the tank, as it is of proper stocking. Fish are individuals. One betta may attack everything in its tank (down to the snails. My little Sun Ce did this), while another may ignore or even play with its tankmates. This means that half of the equation is out of your hands.
Second, an unadorned 55g tank is very deep for a betta. Bettas can drown. They need to be able to breathe air periodically. This part is pretty easy to get around, it just takes some effort. Anything that the betta can rest on that's close to the surface of the water is good. He'll especially appreciate resting places on the opposite end of the tank from the output of the filter (many bettas find the current from the filter fun to play in, but tiring if they can't get away from it). My betta really liked resting on the fronds of a water wisteria plant. Others have had success with floating mats of vegetation, or driftwood with Java moss tied to it. Anything that has a soft surface (easy on delicate fins) is excellent for this task.
Good luck and keep us updated.
