I have Water Wisteria and Java moss in tanks with gravel, stock lighting, a standard
HOB and/or sponge filter, and they've been doing very well. The Water Wisteria, though, is in a well-established tank so that might help with nutrients, and I doubt the smooth marbles would be good for it.
I've also heard Java Fern and Anubias work well under such circumstances. I don't have any Java Fern, though, and my Anubias are in a tank with CF lighting so I can't say for sure. Both Javas and any Anubias shouldn't be planted: you can just tie them to whatever you want them on, and let them do their thing. Java Moss has the added benefit of thriving as a floating plant, so you could float a little in the corner for your Betta to blow bubble nests in. Guppy Grass is another option if you don't mind trimming it back frequently to keep it from covering the surface of your tank.
Even with 2-3 Watts/gallon, you probably can't go to higher light-req plants because stock lighting often doesn't have the right intensity, though you may be fine, and you'll want to avoid plants that depend on their roots due to your substrate.